Aryan Invasion - Eastwards or Westwards?

Dear Brethren,
One of the most interesting puzzles in archaeology, and one that hasn't been completely solved yet, concerns the story of the supposed Aryan invasion of the Indian subcontinent. The story goes like this: The Aryans were a tribe of Indo-European-speaking, horse-riding nomads living in the arid steppes of Eurasia. Sometime around 1700 BC, the Aryans invaded the ancient urban civilizations of the Indus Valley, and destroyed that culture. The Indus Valley civilizations were far more civilized than any horse-back nomad, having had a written language, farming capabilities, and led a truly urban existence. Some 1,200 years after the supposed invasion, the descendants of the Aryans, so they say, wrote the classic Indian literature called the Vedic manuscripts.

Aryans, race of Indo-Europeans, who were supposed to be Nordic in appearance. These Nordic invaders were defined as directly opposite to native south Asian peoples, called Dravidians, who were supposed to have been darker-skinned.

During the 18th - 19th century, many European missionaries and imperialists traveled the world seeking conquests and converts. One country which saw a great deal of this kind of exploration was India (including what is now Pakistan). Some of the missionaries were also antiquarians by avocation, and one such fellow was the French missionary Abbé Dubois (1770-1848). His manuscript on Indian culture makes some unusual reading today; the good Abbé tried to fit in what he understood of Noah and the Great Flood with what he was reading in the great literature of India. It was not a good fit, but he did describe Indian civilization at the time, and provided some pretty bad translations of the literature.

It was the Abbé's work, translated into English by the British East India Company in 1897 and with a laudatory preface by German archaeologist Max Muller, that formed the basis of the Aryan invasion story--not the Vedic manuscripts themselves. Scholars had long noted the similarities between Sanskrit, the ancient language in which the classical Vedic texts are written, and other Latin-based languages such as German, French and Italian. And when the first excavations at the large Indus Valley site of Mohenjo Daro were completed early in the 20th century, and it was recognized as a truly advanced civilization, a civilization not mentioned in the Vedic manuscripts, among some circles this was considered ample evidence that an invasion of people related to the peoples of Europe had occurred, destroying the earlier civilization and creating the second great civilization of India.

There are no references to an invasion in the Vedic manuscripts. The Sanskrit word "Aryas" means "noble". Secondly, recent archaeological evidence suggests that the Indus civilization was shut down by droughts combined with a devastating flood, and not a violent confrontation. Recent archaeological evidence also shows that many of the so-called "Indus River" valley peoples lived in the Sarasvati River, which is mentioned in the Vedic manuscripts as a homeland. There is no biological or archaeological evidence of a massive invasion of people of a different race.

The most recent studies concerning the Aryan include language studies, which have attempted to decipher and thereby discover the origins of the Indus script, and the Vedic manuscripts, to determine the origins of the Sanskrit in which it was written. Excavations at the site of Gola Dhoro in Gujarat suggest the site was abandoned quite suddenly, although why that may occurred is yet to be determined. In my opinion it was draught which led to invasion / migration of ‘Aryans’ to Europe.

I reproduce below an article which I recently came across ;

"Title : Indus Valley Civilisation Author : Bhalchandrarao C Patwardhan Publication : Indian Express (Letters to The Editor) Date of Publication : January 11, 1998 Dear Sir It was interesting to read a few weeks ago that a breakthrough had been achieved by Natwar Jha and N.S.Rajaram in deciphering of the Indus script. This brought to mind the scholastically accepted but scientifically untenable 'Aryan Invasion Theory'. It appears surprising, to say the least, that our children, like us before them, are still being taught that a fair skinned, light-eyed race of nomads called the 'Aryans' invaded India c.1500 BCE and succeeded in destroying within a ridiculously short time the highly advanced Indus Valley civilization of the dark-skinned 'Dravidians'. Fortunately, however, more and more lay persons are now being exposed to recent developments in archaeology (records of stellar observations in the Vedas), hydrology (the drying up of the Sarasvati) and metallurgy (Rigvedic ignorance of Silver) through the columns of prestigious journals such as yours. It is now becoming more widely known that the so-called Aryan Invasion theory holds no more water today than does the desiccated Sarasvati river! Indeed, there is ample mutually corroborative evidence from recent advances in these and relevant disciplines to conclusively surmise that there was in fact c. 2000 BCE a westward and, therefore, an exactly opposite migration from the Sarasvati region to Europe (discovery of the mention of Vedic deities in a c. 1750 BCE contract in Mesopotamia); that Harappan settlements along the Indus were only the final stages of the once flourishing Sarasvati-Drishadvati civilization that stretched from India to Ireland (explaining at the same time why there is such a marked similarity between Sanskrit and the European languages); and that the gradual drying up of that once great river system (and not any invasion by those wicked Aryans) was the cause of the collapse of the Harappan civilisation, which then shifted eastward to the Gangetic plain. The Aryan Invasion theory was the creation more of motivated 19th century European politics than of honest scholarship. It was occasioned by the rise of German nationalism but was manipulated by European colonial powers like Britain to justify their own colonization of foreign lands, especially India, by attempting to fraudulently convince Indians that their remote ancestors had done just that. The man most responsible for the origin of this theory, perhaps, among others, was the great Indologist and Sanskritist, Friedrich Max Müeller, who was hired by Thomas Babbington Macaulay on behalf of the East India Company to study and translate the sacred texts of the East, the sole intention of the exercise being the 'exposure' of the presumed deficiency of Vedic philosophy in comparison to the Bible! The quest for knowledge or the Truth was obviously the least of their concerns. By this, Macaulay hoped to wean Indians away from their traditional culture and transform them with 'education' imparted in his schools into a politically more convenient polity. Now that several fairly accurate sciences are available, and indeed have been used to give results that glaringly contradict the highly suspect linguistic proof, is it not imperative we did some introspection, and examined the wisdom and propriety of clinging to false scenarios of our ancient past"
 Bhalchandrarao C Patwardhan Pune.

Kaps.

Jest a while Brother

Selling Ties.
Texan was walking through the Chihuahua desert, desperate for water, when he saw something, far off in the distance. Hoping to find water, he walked towards the image, only to find a Jewish man selling ties.

The Texan asked "Please, I'm dying of thirst, can I have some water?"
The man replied "I don't have any water, but why don't you buy a tie? Here's one that goes nicely with your shirt."

The Texan pleaded, "Sir, I don't want a tie, I need water!"

"OK, don't buy a tie. But to show you what a nice guy I am, I'll tell you that over that hill there, about 4 miles, is a nice restaurant. Walk that way, they'll give you all the water you want."

The Texan thanked him and walked away towards the hill and after two weary hours when the Texan eventually found the restaurant and asked the man standing at the door; “Sir, I'm dying of thirst, can I have some water?"
The man replied; “I can sell you water but to enter the restaurant, you must wear a tie. Did you buy the Tie?”

Joke: Pope having direct line to the Lord.

The Chief Rabbi of Israel and the Pope are in a meeting in Rome. The Rabbi notices an unusually fancy phone on a side table in the Pope's private chambers.
"What is that phone for?" he asks the pontiff.
"It's my direct line to the Lord!"
The Rabbi is skeptical, and the Pope notices. The Holy Father insists that the Rabbi tries it out, and, indeed, he is connected to the Lord. The Rabbi holds a lengthy discussion with Him.
After hanging up the Rabbi says. "Thank you very much. This is great! But listen, I want to pay for my phone charges."
The Pope, of course refuses, but the Rabbi is steadfast and finally, the pontiff gives in. He checks the counter on the phone and says: "All right! The charges were 100,000 Lira."
The Chief Rabbi gladly hands over a packet of bills. A few months later, the Pope is in Jerusalem on an official visit. In the Chief Rabbi's chambers he sees a phone identical to his and learns it also is a direct line to the Lord. The Pope remembers he has an urgent matter that requires divine consultation and asks if he can use the Rabbi's phone.
The Rabbi gladly agrees, hands him the phone, and the Pope chats away. After hanging up, the Pope offers to pay for the phone charges.
The Rabbi looks on the phone counter and says: "1 Shekel 50!"
The Pope looks surprised: "Why so cheap!?!"
The Rabbi smiles: "Local call."

Joke: Three Catholic women and older Jewish lady having coffee
Three Catholic women and an older Jewish lady were having coffee. The first Catholic woman tells her friends "My son is a priest. When he walks into a room, everyone calls him Father."
The second woman chirps, "My son is a bishop. Whenever he walks into a room, people call him Your Grace."
The third old woman says "My son is a cardinal. Whenever he walks into a room, he's called Your Eminence."
As the little old Jewish lady sips her coffee in silence, the first three give her this subtle "Well...?" look, so she says: "My son is 6'5"; he has broad, square shoulders, lean hips and is very muscular; he's terribly handsome, has beautiful hair, dresses very well and always smells wonderful. Whenever he walks into a room, women say "Oh, my God...."


2008 stock market meltdown in layman’s terms

Dear brethren,

The Bailout occurred because the US Mortgage market was in a trillion dollar debt. Basically banks were lending money to any joe sho with or without a job. People who worked at McDonalds for $8/hour were getting mortgages on their homes, and then re-financing for 2nd or 3rd terms. This caused a bubble in the market. So basically if you buy a house for $200,000 through a mortgage, now your home has bubbled up to $400,000 so you made money if sold now, but who will actually sell their home at this point when all other housing price went up just as high it would be a lateral move. When the bubble collapsed the value of the homes dropped since the supply heavily outweighed the demand so now your home is worth $100,000. Your house might be worth $100,000 but your mortgage is for $200,000. Instead of paying of your mortgage because it is stupid to pay 200% on something that’s only worth 100% you declare bankruptcy and the bank forecloses on your home. The debt is still oustanding and the value of the home is nowhere near where it should be so the bank or lender who gave you the mortgage takes the hit and they lose $100,000. Multiply that by millions of people and you get a trillion dollar debt.

The government also owes a debt of their own. This is to the Federal Reserve, a privately owned bank. The Federal Reserve prints money and controls how much money is in circulation but the tricky part is that they "lend" the money to the US Government, so for every dollar they Print, US owe them a % in interest. This is known as the national debt. In order for the government to bail out all these people they needed to print more money which caused inflation. So more money is required so more money is printed and Federal Reserves earns more interest and US goes deeper into debt on account of interest on more money that is printed. Housing bubble and Federal Reserve were pivotal to each other which made 1% that is top guys more rich and the hard working Americans poorer.

You could also just blame George Bush and his Administration for allowing such banking policies to take place.

Kaps.

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